Aerial vessel.



PATENTED DBG. l0

G'. EA'LLIDAY. AERIAL VESSEL. APPLICATION FILED MAY 9 190.7

WHA/5835s No. 873,542. PATENTED DEG. 10, 1907.

G. HALLIDAY.

AERIAL VESSEL.

APPLIoATIoN FILED MAY 9. 1907.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

W/TNESSES /NVENTH A TTOHNE Y S PATENTED DEC. 10,` 1907.

G. HALLIDAY.

AERIAL VESSEL.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 9, 1907.

'4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WTNESSES- A TTOHNEYS No. 873,542. PATENTD DEG. 1o, 1907.

G. HALLIDAY.

AERIAL VESSEL.

APPLICATION FILEDv MAY 9. 1907.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

A TTUHNE YS UNITED Srarns Parana OFFICE.,

GEORGEHALLIDAY, oF SUBERIOR, WISCONSIN, AsSIGNOR OF FoRTY-'FIVE mais-nuri-y Dnnorns To EDMONDAJOSEPH ST. ONGE, OF SUPERIOR. WISCONSIN.

AERIAL VESSEL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

PatentedDec. 10, 1907.

Application filed May 9. 1907. Serial No. 372.652.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE HALLIDAY, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of'Superior, in the county of Douglas'and State of Wisconsin, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Aerial Vessels, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

e The purpose of the invention is to provide an aerial vessel or air ship of very simple and economic construction, and which will be under the absolute and positive control of .the operator, and to provide a construction capable of creating and using a cross current of air with the natural air; and also to provide in connection with such construction a perpendicular centrally located sail of peculiar formation, that is a means of safety, since it is buoyant and also serves as ballast to keep the boat or car in a proper'position and the ship as a whole in `perpendicular pol sition.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide pivotally mounted propeller or mo tor wheels capable of independent and lconcerted adjustment, each wheel being provided with wings, and means for automatically bringing said Wingsin any desired numgber at predetermined intervals to an open position at right angles to the direction of rotation, or at an acute angle to said direction of rotation, or to a closed positiony edge -on or parallel with the direction of rotation,Y

together with means for quickly adjusting the wings withrespect' to the directions of rotation of the Wheels, whereby the wings can be set to exert a lifting force or a descending force, or force in a lateral direction,

. or a combination of lateral or ascending or 'descending forces as may be required.

A further 'purpose of the invention is to provide means for so mounting the said motor 'or propeller wheels that they may be utilizedas' rudders, directing the ship to the right .or to the left as required.

The invention consists in the novel con struction and `combination ofA the several.

parts as will be 'hereinafterA fully set forth and pointed out in the claims.

Reference is to be had to thel accompanying drawings forming a partV of this specification, in which similar characters of reference indicatey corresponding parts in all the iigureS. 55,

Figure 1 isa perspective vieri7V of. the

4and is of muc proved aerial yvessel; Fig. 2 is a sectional' tail side elevation of a cam for controlling the position of the wings of a motor or propeller wheel Figs. 6, and 7 lare sectional planv views of the vessel `drawn upona smaller scale, illustrating the manner in which the motor or propeller wheels and their, supporting steering arm shear oif the wind when going stra-ight, and illustrating in dotted lines in Fig. 7 a position of the motor or propeller wheel when the vessel is to be steered to the left, for ezample; Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the propeller Aor motor wheel, showing the position in whichthe cams are adjusted when alifting force is required; Fi 9 is a view similar to Fig. 8, illustrating t e position of the cams when a lateral force is to be' eXerted Fig. l0 is a view similar to that shown in Figs. 8 and 9, but illustrating the position of the cams when a lateral force in the opposite direction is to be exerted, and Fig. 11 is a sectional side elevation of one of the pivoted yokes and a section through the steering arm supporting the yoke.

A represents the basket or car of the ship.

-This basket or car may be made of any -suitable material and may be given any desired shape, butby preference it is elliptical, being more or less pointed at its forward and rear ends. The basket or car A is provided with a central block 10, and centrally on this block the central portion ofa steering VAarm B is pivoted, which arm extends out some distance beyond the ends of the car, as is particularly shown in Fig. 1. l

A foot beam B is pivoted on the steering arm B. This foot beam is of less length than the length of the car and the same bolt 11 that pivots the steeringarm is utilized as a pivot for the said foot beam. -This foot eam B is adapted as a support for a sail C that towers some distance above the car.' The sail C is referably made of aluminium greater fore and aft dimensions than the corresponding dimensions of the car. The topv 12 of the said sail C is elliptical, ybeing widest at itsy center, as is shown in Fig. 3, and its ends 13 are pointed.

f The front and rear of the sail are made to gradually curve downward and inward and the lower end 14 of the sailis very much contracted, being about the length of the'foot vbeam B over which it is located, and the I, lower end 14 of the sail is closed in any ap proved manner.

Stays 15 extend downfrom the 'end portions of the lower art 14 ofthe sail C. and

I the sail are inwardly and upwardly conca'ved,

" tutes practically an aeroplane.

' these stays are firm y secured in .theend portions of the foot beam B Guy ropes 17 extendjdown from the bottom portion of the sail C,'one at each side ,of each stay, and these guy ropes are attached to the outer end of-brace bars 16 that are secured-to the said guy ropesand saidl guy ropes are likewise attac'hedV in any approved manner -to the bottom of the car A, thusinsuringtthe sail. main l taining a erpendicularfposition.

The sai C is divided intoV a number of 'ver tical compartments 18 through the'medium of suitable interiorly located partitions 19, asy is shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1', and these' compartments are preferably lled with gas sol as to render thesaid sail as lbuoyant as possible; however,` the .gas is not-absolutely necessary. vIn the construction of the sail the space 2() between its vsides at its body.

portion is vof 'uniform Width, as is shown in ig. 3, while at its upper portion vthe sides o' as isshown at 21, meeting. the edges ofthe top 12, whereby thetop, of the sail consti- At each-end of the steering arm B an upwardly extending yoke 'C2 is pivoted, Each yoke is provided at the upper central ortion of its base with'an attached or integra worm AWheel 22, as is shown Fig. 11,and the pivot pin.28 for the yoke C2 extends through the wormwheel 2.2 thereof into the steering arm, and at lthe upper end of each lpivot pin `23 a bearing 24is located and this bearing serves to carry a worm 25 that engages with the worm Wheel 22, and each worm 25 is atftached to a shaft 26 that extends in direction of the car A., and each shaft '26 is provided with a Ihand Wheel 27 within convenient reach of the occupants of the car, soithat by the operation of the aforesaid worm wheels Aand'worms either one of the yokes()2 canv behorizontally and rotatably adjusted and held in adjustment.

A shaft'28 whichin this instance is both 'an armature and a driving shaft',is mounted in suitable bearings in. the up er ends of the vertical members of each of't e yokes C2, as

is Aparticularly shown in Fig. 4. At oneend portion of each shaft28 an electric-or other motor C is securedadapted to impart motion to the s aidshafts, and these motors are connected by wires c and c with batteries or other Vsource of electrical supply c2 located in the car A, as is best shown in'Fig 3. Each shaft 28 has a motor or propelling Wheel D securedthereto, and since each wheel Dandy the parts controlling the same is ofthe same construction in each yoke, Il will describe 'but one in detail.

passed. In the drawings six Wings are .car-

ried byeach wheel D, but ldesireit to be understood that anyl desired number may be employed. The wings E are flat and are n'iad'e'oi:l aluminium or other light and strong material and while their shape may-.be va., ried they are preferably formed as is shown in Fig. 4, wherein -their side :edges inclinefin- Vward from their outer to their inner end por.

tions. The shank 31 lof each wing'E is .provided with a crank arm 32at that portion ot the shank that is within the hub29,A as is* also best shown in Fig. 4, and each crank.V i

arm 3 2 has a trip pin 83 attachedthereto and these trip pins pass freely out through theuside of the hub 2,9 of the wheel that is iar` thest from. the main "body of the wheel. Springs 34 are secured to the crank arms 32 o the hub 29 through which ,the trip pins ass,

the Shanks of the wings and' to the side otA and these springs normally tend to hol the wings E at right angles to the wheel DA or at thel said Wings. f

In the operation yof a wheel D it is desirable that one-third of the wings'shall occupy vtheir normal position,- namely, at right angles lto the direction of rotation of thev wheel,

land that another'third, for example, shall occupy a position atan acute angle to the ,direction of rotation, whilethe inal third will at,l such time occupy a position edge on or parallel. with the direction of rotation of the wheel, and it is alsodesirable 'underl -varlous circumstances or conditions .of

lightA to provide for a rapid adjustmentkQ 'the controlling -factor of the wheel so'as tochangethe angularity., of' thefwings with reference to the Wheel. The change of the vangularity of the wings is made to control v right angles to the direction of rotation of iis the speed and assist in steering. This is .ac-v

complished throughthe mediumof a cam F,

`a cam being used in connection with each wheel D. The cam -is best shown in Figs'-- 4 and 5,- wherein its body portion is in the form of a wheel having a hub 35, spokes 36 extending from the hub, and arim 37 sup-V ported by4 the spokes. A- ilange 38A :is

formed upon the rim 37, extending outward at right angles to said rim, and thespace 39 between the ends. of the. rim 37, which is segmental, represents about one-third of the circumference of the wheel, andthe Iend portions 40 of this iiange are curved outward in opposite directions extending di- -rnore or less abruptly or gently curved.

lhi-lethe trip pins 33 connected with the Shanks 31 of the wings 'E are in the space 39 between the ends of the flange 38 the wings will be at right angles to the path of rotation, and when the said ins are engaged by the cam faces of tfie said liange, the wings connected with the trip pins so engaging are turned at an acute angle to the direction vof rotation, while the wings whose trip pins 33 engage with the plain face of the,

flange 38 will be brought practically edge on lor parallel with the direction of rotation, but the angularity of t-hese wings with reference .to the wheel -D .is controlled by the movement of the cam F to and from the hub of the wheel D.`` ln moving the cam closer to the said hub 29 the' angularity is less pronounced or more acute, and when the 4cam is moved away from the said hub the anguv larity of the wings is more pronounced.

The cam wheel F is secured to a sleeve 41, and this sleeve is loosely mounted on the shaft 28 :and the sleeve 4'1 extends through a bearing for the shaft 28 and likewise throughv an auxiliary bracket bar 42 at the opposite that atL outer side of the yoke C2 which the motor C is located, as is also 4shown in Fig. '4. A hollow drum 43 .is loosely mounted on the said sleeve 41 between the bearing for the shaft 28 and the cam wheel F. The o en portion of the drum is that which faces't e cam wheel, and the flange or peripheral portion o f ythe drum is provided with' transverse or diagonal slots 44 that receive the s okes 36 of the cam wheel F, permitting tlie said cam wheel to be adjusted to or from the motor or propelling wheel D. The rotary adjustment of the cam wheel F is obtained by securing a worm wheel 45`to the outer face of the drum 43 and providing a worm 46 for engagement with the lower portion of the worm wheel, the shaft 47 of the worm being made to extend inward in direction 4of .the car terminating a suitable hand wheel, as is shown in Fig. 1, 4and likewise in Fig. 2, 4and the bearings for the shaft 47 are located at the inner side face of the yoke C2, so that the drum 48 is prevented from shifting until the worm wheel 45 is revolved, and by turningthe shaft 47 thedrum can be revolved in a forward and in a rearward direction carrying the cam'wheel F with it.

With reference to the lateral adjustment of the said cam wheel, this is eil'ected by providing an exterior thread on the outer end portion of the sleeve 41 to which the cam wheel is secured and locating a nut 48 on the threaded'portion of the sleeve between the two bearings therefor, and providing the said nut with 'a wheel-like rim whereby the nut may be readily turned to` cause the sleeve' 41 to move inward or outward carrying the cam wheel F with it.

The steering arm B may be moved so as toy assume reverse diagonal positions relatively to the hull of the vessel, as is shown in Figs. 6 and 7 for steering purposes, by means of a vtiller 49 that is attached to the said steering arm B, preferably at its central portion.

It will be observed that each of the motor or propelling wheels can be independently rotatably adjusted independent'of the steering arm B', and that they can be collectively adjusted .or carried to any desired lateral position for steering purposes, the adjustment of the said steering arm B, as is shown in dotted lines in Fig. 7, audit is also evident that the wings E on said wheels D can be made to automatically assume different v positions 'in groups according to conditions.

lf, for example, it is desired to place the wings of the arms in position for action to produce an ascending or liftirigforce, the cam wheels F are turned until the open portions 39 of their cam surfaces are at the front lower third portion of the wheel', as is shown in Fig. 8. Should it berdesirable to cause the wings to. act so as to create a lateral force the cam wheels F are adjusted sothat the space between the cam surfaces 4() will be at the bottom portion of the wheel| as is shown in Fig. 9. l/Vhen it is desired to.cause the wings to act to create a lateral .force in opposite' direction to that shown in Fig. 9, the, cam wheels F are turned so as to bring their open space 39 u permost, as is shown in Fig. 10. If it is esired to create a forward and lateral force 'at' the same time, the cam wheels are so placed as" to present open wings at the lower third of the wheel, thel other two-thirds of the wings through the lateral movement of the cams being made to assume an angle of about ,35", and' so on by adjustments of the cams or wings of the propeller or motor wheels will occur a force in different directions, and by operating the said wheels D force may be applied in any required direction,.thus insuring absolute and positive control ofthe machine at all times; and it is evident that all of the adjustingjmediums are within convenient reach of the occupants of the car and may be quickly brought into action.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent,-

1. In aerial vessels, a car, a sail from which the car is suspended, which sail is provided with an elliptical top constituting practically an aeroplane, f' a longitudinal reduced cen- 'trally located bottom4 and substantiall)T straight side surfaces extending from a point between its top to its bottom, asteering arm pivoted on the car, propeller or motor wheels carried by the steering ar-m, means for rotati ing the said` wheels, and means for shiftingA the *steering larm whereby the wheels serve as rudders for the ship.

2. In aerial vessels, a car, a gas containing .sail'from-which the car 'is suspended, which sail is provided with an elliptical top consti-` tuting practically an aeroplane, a longitudinal reduced centrally located bottom and substaritiallystraight side surfaces extending from a point between its top to its bottom, a steering arm fulcrumed .upon the car, Y

and combined steering and propelling devices carried by the said arm.

3. In aerial vessels, a sail constructed of light, thin metal havin an elliptical. top, a contracted bottom, an a body ortion re'- ducedin thickness belowthe elliptical top, partitions Within the sail dividing the lsame into compartments, a car suspended from the sail, and combined steering and propelling devices adjustably mounted with reference tothe'car. 1 #4. The combination with a vertical ga's Ycontaining sail having an elliptical top con- -mechanisms for the wheel, and means for swinging the steering'arin to the 'right or to I `the left to direct the ship inthe required direction.

5.- In an aerial vessel, a perpendicularly located sail adapted to be charged with gas,

a car suspended from the sail, a steering arm pivoted upon the car, bearings carried by said arm, devices for rotating said bearings and holding them in adjusted position, a wheel carried by each bearing, wings pivote/d at the periphery of the Wheels, mechanismfor changing the aneularity of the Wings from a position at yrigiht angles' to the direction of rotation to intermediate diagonal positions, including a position parallel with the direction of rotation of the wheel, a tiller for the steering arm, and motors connected with the shafts of -the said Wheels.

6. In an aerial vessel, the' combination with a perpendicularly located sail having compartments therein capable of receiving a sustaining fluid, a car suspended from the same, a steering arm pivoted upon the car, and a tlller for said arm', of bearings rotatably mounted upon said steering arm,

means for adjusting'the bearings and holding them in adjusted positions, a shaft mounted in each bearing, driving mechanisms for the said shafts, wings at the peripheral surface. of the Wheel, pivotal mounts for the wings, cam devices carried by the bearings, and connections between the cam devices and `the wheels, which connections serve to automatically change the position of the wings at-the periphery of the wheel, mountsfor the 130 l relatively to the peripheral portionsof the lwheel, duringl the rotation of the latter from a point at right angles to thedirection of rotation to a position parallel with said direction of rotation.

with a perpendicularly located sail having compartments -therein capable f receiving a same, a steering arm pivot'ed upon the car,

tabl'y mounted upon said steering arm, means for adjusting the `bearings and holding them in adjusted positions, a shaft mounted in each bearing, driving mechanisms for the said shafts, a wheel for each shaft, wings at the peri heral surface of the wheel, pivotal mounts for the wings, cam devices carried by the bearings, and connections between the cam devices vand the wheels7 which connections servev to automatically change the position of the wings relatively to the peripheral portions ofthe wheel, during the rotation of the latter from a point at right angles to the direction of rotation to a position parallel for rotating the cams toa desired position and holding said cams in such position, means for laterally adjusting the said cams to and from the wheels and holding them in lateral adjustment, whereby to increase or decrease the degree of angularity of the wings and to cause the change to take place at predetermined points in the rotation of thev wheels. 1

8. In -aer-ial vessels, a car, means for suspending the same, a steering arm carried by the said car, a tiller therefor, a combined propel iing and steering wheel adjus'tably mounted upon the said steering arm, wings at the tending from the mounts, and arcanimounted for rotary adjustment and adjustment to trip pins, and independent devices for effecting the two said adjustments of the cam.

9. In an aerial vessel, a bearing, a support therefor, means for rotating theV bearing upon its support and holding it in adjusted position, a shaft mounted to revolve in the bearing, a propeller'wheel securedv to the shaft, wings at the periphery of the wheel, tension*- akiapted to assist inchanging the position of the Wings, a cam loosely mounted on the shaft-m the path of the said trip devices, means for imparting rotary adjustment to the cam, and alsof means for adjusting the l said cam to and from the said wheel.

sustaining Huid, a car suspended fromthe and a tiller for said arm, of bearings rotaand from the Wheel in thev path of the said' controlled pivotal mounts for the wings, tripdevices extending out over said mounts,

.'70 7. In an aerial vessel, the combination f 90 with said direction offrtation, and means .periphery of said wheel, spring-controlled pivoted mounts for the wings, trip pins eX- 10. In aerial vessels, a propelling device therefor, consisting of a shaft, a support for the same, a wheel secured to the shaft, wings lof the said trips, means for Wings pivoted in said wheels, trips for the mounts extending out from the Wheely a am loose upon the shaft and located iii the path imparting rotary adjustment to the eaiii, and independent means for giving the tainv lateral adjustment, whereby during the reifoliition of the Wheel to. Change the position of the Wings relatively to the direction ol' rotation of the WheeL 1l, In an aerial vessel, bearings, a support for 'the bearings,l means for adjusting the bearings on their support in the rotary dir'eotion, a shaft mounted to turn in the said. bearings, a motor connected with the said shaft, a ropeller wheel secured to the shaft, wings located at the periphery of Wheel, mounts for the said Wings, pivoted in the periphery of the Wheel and terminating at their lower ends in spring-controlled cranks, trip pins Connected with the said the propeller ing diagonally over the rim of the oaiii. Wheel, the roiiiaining portions of the said l'laiige being straight, and indepeiii-lent means 'for ini- Wlieel and said late al adjustment.

In testimony whereof I have signed iiiy name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

.GEORGE HALLI'DAY.

Yi'i tiiesses:

'liioMaS GRAY, Il. O. JUNEAU.

Waidly eiirved in oppositeI directions extend' artin r said rotarv ad'iistiiient to the cani 

